Blog Post

Sun-Grown Buildings: A Look at Wooden Skyscrapers

  • By nat rosasco
  • 23 Sep, 2015

Over 100 years ago, the method of constructing buildings shifted dramatically when the first skyscraper, Chicago’s Home Insurance Building, was built. At that time, the idea of a ten story building was unthinkable. When it was completed in 1885, many gave it a wide berth, fearing a collapse. However, with its revolutionary steel frame, the Home Insurance Building remained standing tall and paved the way for an entire generation of skyscrapers throughout the world.

Today, we are once again at the threshold of a dramatic shift in architecture design with the introduction of skyscrapers created from what happens to be our preferred building material, wood. While thousands of steel and concrete structures have proven that these two building materials are more than viable, they also have huge carbon footprints. A large amount of energy is necessary to produce these materials. Steel accounts for approximately three percent of our greenhouse gas emissions, while concrete accounts for six to eight percent. According to architect Michael Green in his TED Talk Why We Should Build Wooden Skyscrapers , “Almost half of our greenhouse gases are related to the building industry, and if we look at energy, it’s the same story.” As he goes on to explain, if we want to reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and energy use, wood is the solution.
Throughout a tree’s life, it absorbs CO2 from the environment, storing the carbon within its wood, leaves, roots, and nearby soil. When a tree dies, it decays and slowly releases the carbon back into the atmosphere or ground. If there’s a forest fire, the carbon is also released back into the atmosphere. However, when a tree is harvested for manufacturing, much of this carbon remains stored. Therefore, using wood in the construction of a building, keeps carbon out of the atmosphere.
Wood also requires less energy in its manufacturing process than other building materials, and instead of fossil fuels, much of the energy used is from renewable biomass. Consequently, this is another instance where choosing wood over other building materials reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.
As Green stated, “There is no other building material that is grown by the sun. We’ve calculated that the North American forests grow enough wood for a 20-story wood building every 8-10 minutes.” His firm, MGA Architects, estimates that a 20-story wooden building compared with one made of steel and concrete has the same impact on lowering our carbon footprint as taking 900 cars off the road for a year.
However, the structural fears associated with the original skyscrapers come back into mind with these new, timber versions. Are wooden skyscrapers as sturdy as their steel counterparts? Green understands that we need to reinvent wood, “making it stronger, more fire safe, more durable and selecting material from sustainably managed forests.” But this work has already begun. New, stronger engineered wood is being developed. Engineered wood consists of smaller pieces of wood glued together to create large sheets that can be used for building. These new wood products, known as mass timber panels, can reach dimensions of 8 feet by 64 feet and measure over 15 inches thick. Builders can cut them to the exact sizes needed before arriving at the construction site and then simply screw them into place. With this ease of construction, building with wood is not only green and sturdy, but also quicker than using conventional materials. Green jokes, “Someday I’d like to make a building where all you need is a giant allen key to put it together.”
There are also concerns over wood’s flammability, but Green states that cross-laminated lumber, a type of mass timber panel, is just as fire-resistant as other building materials. Testing is continually being performed.
Other timber skyscrapers that have been constructed include Melbourne’s ten-story Forté Apartments and the nine-story Stadthaus in the UK. Stockholm, Vancouver, and Vienna have plans for towers over 30 stories, while MGA proposed a 35-story skyscraper in Paris.
A conceptual design for a 42-story combined wooden and concrete building in Chicago has been created, as well. Although not likely to come to fruition any time soon, this building would emit 60-75% less carbon compared with an equivalent building made of only concrete. Also, the hybrid system could be made as tall as desired.
“Just like snowflakes,” Green says, “no two pieces of wood can ever be the same anywhere on Earth. That’s a wonderful thing. I like to think that wood gives Mother Nature fingerprints in our buildings.” Like Green, we can’t wait to see how high Mother Nature’s fingerprints will reach, and it looks like the sky will soon be the limit.
By nat rosasco January 22, 2019
Reclaimed Table's huge selection of one-off, custom table tops are being sold at deep discounts at our Villa Park showroom. Find the durable tables you need for your next project, at prices you won't come across again!
By nat rosasco July 17, 2018

Chicago’s iconic Navy Pier has always been a popular attraction since it opened just over 100 years ago in 1916. It currently welcomes 9 million guests per year. As explained on the Navy Pier website, the Pier was designed by architect Charles Sumner Frost and was originally based on architect’s Daniel Burnham’s “the People’s Pier” in his 1909 Plan of Chicago . It was originally known as “Municipal Pier,” but was renamed in 1927 in honor of the World War 1 Navy personnel who were housed there. 

As we blogged about a couple of years ago , Navy Pier has been undergoing renovations in honor of its “Centennial Vision” to reimagine and enhance the pier. While updating the pier with new programming and a greener landscape, this vision has also been attracting more local eateries ( like Tiny Tavern ) and shops, creating a space that’s more inviting to local Chicagoans.

After providing pieces for the first phase of the remodel last year, we were pleased to continue to be part of this project for the recently completed phase two. Partnering with Gensler, we provided white oak tables and benches near the main entrance and for the brand new, 200,000 square foot Family Pavilion that features over 50 businesses. Fortunately, these pieces were created not only with their visual aesthetic in mind, but also to impressively withstand this sort of high traffic area.

We also built the reclaimed red and white oak blade signs flanking all of the restaurants and shops, which creates a unified look within the complex. Much like the Pier, these signs have an interesting, rich history behind them. The red and white oak wood used to make the signs were actually horse fences on a farm in Mercy County, Kentucky that dates back to the late 1800s. Mercer county was one of the first settlements in the state, and the farm itself, Shawnee Springs, was originally over 2,000 acres. In the 1970s the farm was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. We knew the Navy Pier project was the right one for this specific wood-- historic wood for an historic landmark. (See our other applications of reclaimed red and white oak Kentucky horse fence here .)

Check out photos of our tables, benches, and signs at the recently updated and unveiled Pier below. And if you’re in the Chicagoland area, you can check them out for yourselves in person, along with a whole host of entertainment on the Pier.

Interested in some durable tables and benches for a high-traffic area? Contact us here to get started on your next project.

By nat rosasco June 18, 2018

When it comes to aging bourbon, Booker’s small batch bourbon has the process literally down to a science. Currently produced by the Jim Beam distillery, it was Jim Beam’s grandson, Booker Noe, who founded this brand in 1992 with bourbon from barrels he personally selected.

According to the Booker’s Bourbon website, Booker was actually raised at a Kentucky distillery and brought his family’s six generations of master distillery knowledge to his bourbon batches.

How does Booker’s perfectly age their bourbon?

As we pretty much all know, bourbon ages in wooden barrels. When the weather becomes hot and humid, like it does during those sticky Kentucky summers, the wood expands and absorbs the bourbon, allowing for a chemical interaction between the bourbon and the wood. In colder weather, the wood contracts and the bourbon escapes the barrel’s walls. This interaction changes the spirit’s taste and color. The longer bourbon is in the barrel, the smoother the taste, (up to a certain point, that is). 

Barrels are kept in rackhouses where temperatures can easily be regulated. Rackhouses were originally built out of stone with several wooden floors and an exposed dirt basement to control humidity and large temperature swings. The windows were designed to keep the buildings well-ventilated.

By nat rosasco January 6, 2018
Our own Frank Sullivan stopped by the WGN studios to talk reclaimed wood, explain our process, and, of course, show off some of our fine products. Thanks for having us!
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